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VoIP and Geographic Location

The emergency services have come to rely on certain features of the traditional telephone system to enable them to do their jobs and to safeguard against misuse of the general public’s privilege to call them night or day. The key feature is the Caller Line Indication (CLI). This is a number unique to every telephone line attached to the public network and it is possible to trace the location of the telephone that made a call from the CLI.

The CLI enables fire and ambulance services to locate where they are needed should the caller be unable to tell them; they may be too young, old or infirm to do so. The CLI enables the police and security services to locate the source of criminal use by using the telephone network. Meanwhile location can be ascertained on the mobile network through tracing the call to the base station to which the mobile phone is connected.

On the other hand, an IP telephone is recognised not by a CLI, but by its IP address which as no geographic meaning. Indeed one of the advantages of VoIP is that wherever in the world an IP phone connects to the Internet, the Internet will find it to deliver the call. Given this, the emergency services will have no idea from where the call originates.

Currently, most VoIP solutions carry calls between company locations and calls to the public telephone network are made via a gateway, such as those provided by VegaStream. In this scenario, the problem for identifying the location of a phone is similar to that faced when a company uses a traditional PBX solution, although most responsible companies have implemented an appropriate solution by mapping their IP phone addresses to a traditional list of extensions.

VoIP systems can connect to the public telephone network via Internet Telephone Service Providers (ITSP). ITSPs offer significant reduction in call charges by carrying what are the expensive elements of the phone call over the Internet.

For example, an ITSP customer’s call from London to Edinburgh is carried from London to a local switch in Edinburgh via the Internet. Just the final leg of the call is made over the traditional telephone network. As far as the CLI is concerned, the call is being made from the local switch in Edinburgh to the end-point, while the actual origin of the call is completely unknown. If the ITSP customer were simply calling the local fire brigade, the call would travel over the Internet to the ITSP who would then make the connection to the emergency service from its own public network gateway. From a CLI perspective, the call to the emergency service would appear to come from the ITSP.

VoIP and Power

The traditional telephone network is self powered. If the general power supply goes down as it often does in an emergency, the phone system will still work as the phone companies have extensive uninterruptible power supply (UPS) contingencies. VoIP systems require an external power source, and if the power fails, unless the user has implemented their own UPS solution, the phones will not work.

The Immediate Solution

To ensure emergency cover, VoIP system users, at this time, need the contingency of at least one traditional telephone line. VegaStream gateways’ feature a pass-through facility which can be programmed to automatically make and receive calls over this line in the event of power failure. The gateway can also be programmed to automatically route 999 emergency calls over this line to ensure the emergency services receive the vital CLI information.

The Long Term Solution

There are a number of national, supranational and industry wide initiatives to establish and implement standards for geographic recognition of IP telephony equipment to meet the requirements of the emergency services. The large national phone companies that are in the process of converting their traditional phone networks to VoIP are actively involved as they too have a vested interest. Furthermore, in the enterprise space, responsible systems integrators will ensure that CLI information is available both to assist the emergency services and to meet basic requirements of good citizenship and good business.

Further information on the latest VoIP products news and for specific questions on VoIP and the Emergency Services, contact us at www.vegastream.com.

Formed in 1998, VegaStream is one of the most experienced players in the industrial VoIP market. The company supplies gateway CPE to both traditional telecommunications carriers and the new generation of Internet telephony service providers. VegaStream also serves the enterprise market through a global network of distributors and resellers supported by regional offices in the UK, USA and Australia. VegaStream is a non-listed UK company. Investors include the management team, Pace Micro Technology PLC and MTI Partners.

http://www.vegastream.com

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For those mobile phone users in the Philippines the personalisation of their mobile phones is a key part of their daily activities. They tried to personalise everything from ring tones to message alerts and even mobile phone covers. They are aiming to make each one of their mobile phones unique to themselve; even if some of them are old Motorola phones which should be recycled.

A Filipino content developer called EGG have recently launched a product to take advantage of this penchant for the upgrading of their mobiles. The new product allows people in the Philippines to personalise their mobile phone numbers.

The system basically allows a mobile phone subscriber to personalise his or her mobile phone number with some kind of named, identity, or even a nickname. The service has apparently been developed to allow subscribers to personalise their user experience even more. A user can register their name as their aliases or, as some have done, they can register pseudo names. The managing editor of the company has noticed that some subscribers are registering codenames that describe their personalities including hot chick, nice guy, sexy.

The main benefit of this services is the fact that one no longer need to memorise their friends mobile number instead using what is normally termed a short code. In addition to this if you are to lose your phone your friends would still below what it takes you on your new phone using your alias and you would also be able to text them without having to take down their mobile phone numbers and again.

The company is targeting the youth sector of mobile phones because of following research that they conducted they found that this is the primary group who are looking for new mobile services. The research also highlighted that the youth were especially interested in a service that would help them remember mobile phone numbers for their friends and colleagues.

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2002 had witnessed a massive expansion of public WiFi networks. Many began to talk about the huge potential it held. However, over time, many of these networks had to shut shop and the remaining became so expensive that your home broadband bill for a month would turn out to be cheaper than using a WiFi hotspot for a day (compare broadband prices here).

According to Owen Geddes, who is the CEO of Freerunner, the latest public WiFi network to enter the market, this is a major problem, which can be addressed by tweaking the business model.

The venture, if it proves successful in the north east, which will get the service first because of funding from NorthStar, would soon come up all over the country.

Geddes was earlier part of the team, which launched the popular The Cloud network. The difference between Freerunner and other public WiFi networks is that it would not be concentrated in small commercial pockets but would extend to places like public libraries, train stations, and schools.

This is good news for those who wish to access the public network since it would no longer require them to provide for the costs by buying a cup of coffee or a sandwich from the coffee shop or the restaurant where these networks are set up. Moreover, it is expected to be much easier on the pocket even for these commercial places, as they would have to pay a nominal fee, which is said to be a third of what other operators ask for.

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According to a recent announcement by the Manchester City Council, the Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) broadband network proposed last year is now ready to be installed from the end of this month. The installation process will begin from the Oxford Road area in Manchester.

The city council has said that the new network may offer residents and businesses speeds up to 1000 times faster than their current service. However, taking cue from other FTTP networks around the world, a more realistic estimate of the end user speed will be closer to ‘up to’ 100 Mbps levels.

The executive member for environment, Councillor Neil Swannick sounded confident that this new project would have great benefits for everybody. He added that the growth of Manchester’s economy too is dependent on having a competitive broadband infrastructure, and thus, it is extremely important to provide high-speed internet services to people at affordable prices. The initiative is part of the larger Next Generation Digital City Project, which aims at providing easy access to better digital services.

Though this project will put Manchester in a much better position in terms of being an attractive business location, Mr. Swannick also agreed on the fact that Manchester, and United Kingdom as a whole are facing serious competitive threats from the rest of the Europe. This is because other cities such as Amsterdam and Paris have been providing better broadband services to homes and businesses, and that too at a much lower cost than anywhere in the UK.

Once the first stage of establishing the network is completed, the next aim will be to spread these installations in the surrounding areas. The next area to benefit would be East Manchester, after which a new Internet Hub in the Central Park area would be installed.

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Having been an avid VoIP user for quite a while I was baffled as to why out of nowhere I had been having so many problems. Sound quality has reduced and latency issues have very noticeable. Users on VoIP online forums in the US and other countries, including Germany and Mexico, having issues since last year. For a while VoIP might seem like a good deal for the average person, entrenched interests in the telecoms industry see it differently - and are trying to make a stand.

Consultation

knowledgeable of what has happened in other countries the UK telecoms regulator Ofcom took the decisive step in February of announcing that it will look at the burgeoning VoIP market and report next month on whether new laws are needed to shield it. The consultation document says: “VoIP service providers have expressed concern that their ability to provide a reliable service may be impacted by internet access providers (ISPs) selectively degrading or blocking their VoIP traffic.”

Ofcom says it has no evidence this is occurring in the UK; only about 000 customers use it. But the forecast is for that to rise by 4m in the next six months.

And VoIP blocking takes place in other countries, often those where there is still only a single telecoms company. In Saudi Arabia, for example national carrier Saudi Telecom is using software from US supplier Narus to block all Voice over IP phone calls.

Telecommunication companies in the United States and other countries are hesitant to have their bandwidth taken up by traffic from which they receive no funds and have been challenged over similar alleged incidents of VoIP blocking. Hindering VoIP traffic is a challenge but does not break the law and barring precise types of internet traffic is on the increase.

Luxembourg-based VoIP provider Skype now owned by eBay has been particularly controversial. Skype is used by over 75m people. But increasingly a lot of people do not want Skype on their network.

Skype is considered by many to pose a potential security threat as it opens an encrypted channel out of the network and forms supernodes that sit on it and connect VoIP calls. There is huge debate about how much bandwidth such supernodes consume. There have been claims that in supernode mode, Skype may even saturate a 100 Mbps line.

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Phorm, a London-based firm which operates online advertisements, has recently attracted considerable attention, due to their illegitimate employment of user pack inspections. Just recently, the issue has escalated to an even higher level of tribulation, causing widespread chaos in the broadband industry.

The European Commission has contacted the British Government, instructing them to deal with the growing issue, as a voluntary proposal before EC must step in. According to Dow Jones, the EC sent a warning letter to authorities, expressing their concerns over the issue. The EC wants to prevent any future disarray, ceasing the opportunity for future privacy breaches, caused by the workings of Phorm.

So far, BT has completed two trials with Phorm, marketing to consumers with advertisements which are catered to their online activity. In both cases, the privacy of consumers was infringed, as surfers were never notified of the imposed Phorm trial.

If the UK does not properly handle this issue, it is likely that the EC will incite legal action against the UK, in the European Court of Justice.

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